Thau lagoon (extended on 7500 hectares) is located in the south of France and is the main shellfish-farming center in the Mediterranean Sea. Around this lagoon, numerous activities such as wastewater treatment plants, harbor and vine cultivation represent a potential source of pollution. Although subject to microbiological and chemical monitoring (heavy metals), there is currently no global study realized on the contamination of air and water. This work proposes an integrated approach based on a non-target analysis by SBSE/HSSE coupled with GC-MS and a target analysis in order to identify chemical pollutants (heavy metals, 34 pharmaceuticals, 12 pesticides, 2 industrial products and 6 toxins). This monitoring was carried out during one year on 6 sampling points and on two matrices: air (non-target analysis) and water (non-target and target analysis). Concerning the targeted analysis, very low concentrations ranging from the pg/L to the ng/L were found in water. Among pollutants, most frequently found are: atrazine, its metabolites, azithromycin, clarithromycin, atenolol and sotalol at low concentrations ranging from 2.44 pg/L to 0.6 ng/L. In contrast, in non-targeted analysis, 116 different molecules were found including 77 and 79 in the air and water respectively. Only 28 molecules were common to both matrices. To access the exposure risk of workers and residents of the lagoon, we have in second approach decided to select some molecules from the non-target analysis and to quantify them. The selection was based on the toxicity of the molecules (Toxtree software) and their frequency of detection. Only the molecules found in more than 20% of sampling were conserved for the analysis. Examples of potentially dangerous susbtances included in this list are: - triethyl phosphate (organophosphorus flame-retardant and intermediate in the manufacture for pesticides), - diisobutyl phthalate (endocrine disruptor). This substance is considered of very high concern (SVHC) and its use is strictly regulated (Annex XVII of REACH1) - 2-furanmethanol. This molecule is included in the list of hazardous substances harmonised for classification and labelling in the EU (Annex VI to CLP regulation)2 and is suspected to be carcinogenic. The next step of the study will be to made analysis on the shellfishes grown in the lagoon. All of these elements will allow to trace pollutants in the Thau lagoon and to determine the potential sources of exposition and potential bioaccumulation.