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            <title xml:lang="en">Towards organizational intelligence</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Vers une intelligence organisationnelle</title>
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              <p>This text presents two Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches to a non-computer audience. Non-specialist  researchers  wishing  to  deepen  their  knowledge  in  this  field  will  find  a structured review and a classification of the various reference works in AI according to the two  usual  approaches.  The  first  one  is  the  core  of  Cognitive  Sciences  and  assumes an  autonomous cognitive level. The second one focuses on interactions and assumes that cognition  is  linked  to  an  organism  inserted  in  a  particular  situation  with  a  specific configuration. For each approach, we also propose an analysis of their relationship to natural intelligence and natural cognition. Then we present the intelligence of objects which put into perspective an organizational intelligence.</p>
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              <p>Ce  texte  présente  deux  approches  de  l’intelligence  artificielle  (IA)  pour  un  public  non informaticien. Les chercheurs non spécialistes désireux d’approfondir leurs connaissances sur ce domaine y trouveront une recension structurée et une classification des différents travaux de référence en IA selon les deux approches usuelles. La première est le cœur des sciences cognitives et suppose un niveau cognitif autonome.  La seconde s’intéresse aux interactions et suppose que la cognition est liée à un organisme inséré dans une situation particulière avec une configuration spécifique. Pour chacune des approches, nous proposons également une analyse de leur relation à l’intelligence et la cognition naturelles. Puis nous présentons  l’intelligence  des  objets  qui  met  en  perspective  une  intelligence organisationnelle.</p>
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